Infrastructure explainer

Data Centers and Electricity Demand

A mapped data center is a location signal, not a direct measurement of electricity use or grid impact.

Final EIA-860 2024 state totalsUpdated June 20, 2026

Four numbers that should not be confused

Mapped locations

Points reported by OpenStreetMap contributors. Useful for discovery, but incomplete.

Facility capacity

A site's designed IT or electrical load, often private, estimated, phased, or reported in different ways.

Grid demand

Electricity consumed across a balancing region at a moment or interval, not by one facility.

Nameplate generation capacity

Rated power-plant equipment capability. It does not represent power reserved for data centers.

Where community reports are concentrated

The current map contains 749 community-reported data-center locations. The table describes mapping coverage, not a definitive market ranking.

RankStateMapped locationsContext
1Virginia154OpenStreetMap coverage
2Oregon111OpenStreetMap coverage
3California72OpenStreetMap coverage
4Texas52OpenStreetMap coverage
5Arizona41OpenStreetMap coverage
6Illinois37OpenStreetMap coverage
7New York29OpenStreetMap coverage
8Washington22OpenStreetMap coverage
9New Jersey20OpenStreetMap coverage
10Georgia19OpenStreetMap coverage

Why a marker cannot reveal grid impact

A facility marker alone does not provide utility service territory, contracted demand, power usage effectiveness, backup generation, hourly load, expansion stage, or transmission constraints. Even a reported megawatt value may represent a future campus plan rather than current consumption.

A responsible analysis combines utility filings, planning documents, interconnection records, regional demand, and the date and confidence of each claim.

Questions the map can answer

  • Which power plants and transmission lines are near a reported facility?
  • What generation technologies are present in the surrounding area?
  • Which regional grid signal is relevant to the broader location?
  • Where should a researcher look for utility and planning records next?